Streamlined Geotechnical Design Software for the construction industry.
Ground Model Information
The table below gives indicative geotechnical parameters that could be used in geotechnical design.
Strata
Density (kN/m³)
cu (kPa)
Phi (0)
c' (kPa)
Fs (kPa)
Qb (kPa)
Eu (kPa)
E' (kPa)
Made Ground
16-19
10-75
19-30
-
-
-
12,500 - 20,000
7,500 - 12,500
Peat
13-16
0-5
5-10
-
-
-
-
500 - 2,500
Cohesive
18-20
10-250
21-32
0-2
10-140
90 - 2,250
5,000 - 150,000
3,000 - 90,000
Granular
18-20
-
28-42
-
10 - 110
5,000 - 10,000
-
20,000 - 120,000
Mudstone
20-22
250-350
30-40
2-5
150 - 250
2,000 - 5,000
50,000 - 100,000
7,500 - 12,500
Sandstone
20-22
250-350
30-40
2-5
250 - 350
10,000
50,000 - 100,000
7,500 - 12,500
Chalk
20-22
150-250
31-34
1-2
10 - 110
5,000
25,000 - 100,000
15,000 - 60,000
Limestone
20-22
150-300
35-42
1-2
250 - 450
10,000
150,000
90,000
Institution of Civil Engineers (ICE) - CEng Chartership Attributes
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1. Understanding and Practical Application of Engineering
ICE Attribute 1
Understanding and Practical Application of Engineering
Maintain and extend knowledge of engineering theory and practice, and how technology assists its application.
Solve engineering problems using a sound theoretical approach, based on evidence, and contribute to continuous improvement.
Engage in the creation and/or introduction of new, advancing or improved techniques and technology.
Exercise sound independent engineering judgement
Identify, review and select techniques, procedures and methods to undertake engineering tasks.
Take an active role in the identification and definition of requirements, challenges, risks, and opportunities and undertake appropriate investigation and action.
Contribute to the design and development of engineering solutions, implement those solutions, and evaluate their effectiveness in the context of the whole project life cycle.
Undertake the design, development and implementation of engineering solutions and evaluate their effectiveness in the context of the whole project life cycle.
Explanation
Do you know the theory (i.e. earth pressure theory)?
Can you apply it to a practical problem using evidence (i.e. an embedded retaining wall design using earth pressure theory, using a ground model from ground data / testing)?
Do you continuously improve your knowledge (i.e. when Ciria C760 was issued, did you read it and modify your approach)?
Do you use improved / new techniques to create your work (i.e. have you ever created a spreadsheet to improve a process, however simple it is)?
Do you use judgement in design (i.e. do you have to interpret ground model data for a design)?
Do you select / review how to complete a job (i.e. selecting a bearing pile type for a particular job, or reviewing a design software for purchasing)?
Do you investigate and take action on your selections/reviews/risk assessments (i.e. could you select a bearing pile type and proceed with construction, or review a piece of software then purchase it for the team)?
Do you develop designs (i.e. reducing a pile diameter, choosing temporary propping for a wall)?
Do you evaluate the decision (i.e. undertaking an EFFC carbon calculation to see if the carbon emissions have been reduced)?
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2. Management and Leadership
ICE Attribute 2
Management and Leadership
Plan the work and resources needed to enable effective implementation of engineering tasks and projects.
Demonstrate continuous quality improvement and promote best practice.
Manage the planning and organisation of tasks and resources.
Manage (organise, direct and control), programme or schedule, tasks and resources.
Manage teams or technical specialisms.
Manage quality processes and contribute to quality improvements.
Assist others to meet changing technical and managerial needs.
Develop others to meet changing technical and managerial needs.
Lead or influence teams / technical specialisms, understanding the limits of their skills and knowledge.
Explanation
Do you plan tasks & resources (i.e. do you complete a design to a budget on time, with limited resources?).
Do you improve the way you plan (i.e. did you make a mistake in going overbudget on a design, and then rectified that in your planning?).
Are you managing in your role (i.e. tasks, budgets, resources, teams, specialist subjects, processes & quality improvements)?
Do you assist / develop / lead teams of people (i.e. helping a senior team member with a design, developing a graduate understand a design, lead a team on a design that you have a lot of experience with)?
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3. Commercial Ability
ICE Attribute 3
Commercial Ability
Manage, prepare and control costs / budgets of engineering tasks or projects.
Manage, prepare and control costs/budgets of a significant engineering task or project.
Use sound knowledge of statutory and commercial frameworks within their own area of responsibility and have an appreciation of other commercial arrangements.
Demonstrate sound judgement on statutory, contractual and commercial issues in relation to own area of responsibility.
Explanation
Do you manage / prepare / control budgets (i.e. review / estimate / manage the design time on a scheme)?
Are any of these schemes significant (i.e. was there a scheme which was particularly out of the ordinary or complex)?
Do you understand the contracts in your own area of work (i.e. do you know how your contract with a client is formed, do you have to get involved with NEC / JCT / FIDIC contracts)?
A basic sub-contractor contract generally follows: 1) invitation to tender 2) tender submission 3) agreement (project specific details) 4) terms & conditions (bespoke T&Cs, NEC4, JCT 2016) 5) amendments (agreeing / amending terms) 6) tender acceptance.
A contract mechanism generally follows: 1) Early warning notice 2) Variation / Compensation event (JCT 2016 / NEC respectively) 3) Agreement of variation / compensation event 4) Final account.
Do you appreciate the commercial arrangements of a full scheme (i.e. do you know the ultimate contract type & its mechanisms, what contract does the Principle Contract / Designer have with the client, what do sub-contractors / designs use in relation to this contract, you are not expected to be a QS, but to have some basic knowledge of the overall structure)?
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4. Health, Safety and Welfare
ICE Attribute 4
Health, Safety and Welfare
Demonstrate a sound knowledge of legislation, hazards and safe systems of work.
Manage risks.
Manage health, safety and welfare within their own area of responsibility
Contribute to improvements in health, safety and welfare.
Explanation
Do you know the pertinent Health & Safety regulations (i.e. Health & Safety at work act 1974 (HSWA 1974 general H&S legislation), Management of Health & Safety at Work Regs 1999 (MHSW 1999 general H&S legislation), Construction Design Management Regulations 2015 (CDM 2015 which is construction specific), other documentation)? See HSE guidance 'Managing health & safety in construction (L153), regulation 9, duties of designers are pertinent and worth reading as a minimum.'
The Deming Cycle is pertinent to all H&S risk management - Plan, do, check, act (PDCA, see HSG65 from the HSE). When planning a job, you should use the principles of prevention, ERIC, Eliminate (can a risk be eliminated), reduce (if a risk can't be eliminated, can it be reduced), isolate (can you isolate the risk further) & control (the last port of call is controlling the risk). When writing a risk assessment do it in a RAG format (Red, Amber & Green), which can give visual cues to the severity of the risks.
You should know the overall scope of how Health & Safety is managed (i.e. client provides pre-construction information (PCI) to principal contractor (PC), the client completes a F10 HSE form (if applicable) on a new scheme, the principal contractor creates the construction phase plan (CPP), the principal designer usually collates the health & safety file (HSF) or operation & maintenance file).
Do you manage design risks (i.e. do you compile risks into a register and communicate these risks to your client)?
Do you manage H&S in your own area (i.e. do you manage the design risks with a DRA, or do you complete risk assessments & method statements, are you a mental health first aider)?
Do you improve upon current health & safety procedures (i.e. add new risks to a designs risk assessment template, or speak up if on site regarding a safety issue)?
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5. Sustainable Development
ICE Attribute 5
Sustainable Development
Understand the principles of sustainable development and apply them in work.
Manage engineering activities that contribute to sustainable development and the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (UNSDGs)
Explanation
Economy - is the design economical, has it been priced by an estimator and check prices conducted?
Social - have the social aspects (noise, pollution, vibration, visual) been considered?
Environment - has the carbon emissions, deforestation, resource depletion etc. been considered?
Read the UNSDGs (mandatory), relate these to your own area of responsibility, should emphasise a reduction in resource demand, whilst concentrating on the 'whole project lifecycle'.
You should be able to describe the origin (United Nations Conference, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2012), purpose (end poverty, protect the planet & ensure peace & prosperity by 2030) & scope (how does engineering come into it) of UNSDGs.
Identify the goals most related to civil engineering (i.e. 9, 11 & 12 are pertinent).
Explain how their companies policies relate to UNSDGs.
Have knowledge of the ICEs recent initiatives in this area (i.e. ICE engineering route map to deliver UNSDGs 2020).
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6. Interpersonal Skills and Communication
ICE Attribute 6
Interpersonal Skills and Communication
Communicate well with others at all levels including effective use of English*, orally and in writing.
Discuss ideas and plans competently and with confidence.
Communicate new concepts and ideas to technical and non-technical stakeholders
Demonstrate effective personal and social skills.
Demonstrate awareness of diversity and inclusion.
Proactively manage diversity and inclusion.
Explanation
Can you communicate orally & in writing / drawing confidently & effectively, with technical & non-technical operatives? Are you a good listener, can you form working relationships with clients & operatives?
Do you have an awareness of diversity & inclusion (i.e. do you have non-native speakers in the office, do you need to explain cultural norms to them like dunking biscuits in tea)?
How have you dealt with a diversity issue (i.e. not discussing war with an operative who is a refugee despite the daily news)?
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7. Professional Commitment
ICE Attribute 7
Professional Commitment
Understand and comply with the ICE Code of Conduct.
Understand the ethical issues that may arise in their role and carry out their responsibilities in an ethical manner.
Plan, carry out and record Continuing Professional Development (CPD) necessary to maintain and enhance competence in their own area of practice.
Engage with ICE activities.
Identify the limits of their personal knowledge and skills.
Explanation
Read the ICE code of conduct (mandatory).
Have you experienced any ethical issues (i.e. bribery), how did you resolve the issue?
Ensure your CPD is up to date, minimum 30 hours per year.
Ensure some of your CPD is from the ICE.
This is a critical objective, know your own limits, and do not undertake any work you are not competent to do under any circumstances.
Simplified ICE Attributes
1) Engineering
1.1) Have a sound theoretical approach with continuous improvement.
1.2) Creation of new technology & independent judgement.
1.3) Identify review & select appropriate techniques.
1.4) Undertake design development & evaluate effectiveness.
2) Management
2.1) Plan work / resources.
2.2) Manage tasks, resources, programmes, quaility processes and or improvements.
2.3) Assist, develop & lead others.
2.4) Continuous improvement and promote best practise.
3) Commercial
3.1) Manage, prepare and control budgets.
3.2) Knowledge & judgement of commercial frameworks (i.e. NEC, JCT, FIDIC).
3.3) Judgement of commercial issues in own area of responsibility.
4) Health & Safety
4.1) Knowledge of pertinent H&S legislation, primary legislation: Health & Safety at Work Act 1974, secondary Legislation: CDM 2015.
4.2) Managing risks i.e. construction phase plan, health & Safety file.
4.3) Continuous improvement in H&S.
5) Sustainability
5.1) Understanding and applying the principles of sustainability: economic, environment & social.
5.2) Managing schemes to the United Nations Sustainability Development Goal (UNSDG's) for every construction project.
6) Communication
6.1) Communicate orally and in writing, discuss ideas confidently, to technical & non technical staff in an affable manner.
6.2) Awareness & management of diversity.
7) Professional Commitment
7.1) Read and understand the ICE Code of Conduct & understand ethical issues.
7.2) Action Continuous Professional Development (CPD) & engage with ICE / STEM activities.
7.3) Know the limits of yourself and your team.